Design and implementation of Kurdish horse breeding project

Project title:

Design and implementation of Kurdish horse breeding project

author: Alireza Amini Gram : hakimpasargad@gmail.com

About the author:

PhD in Agricultural Biotechnology at the Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch

Managing Director of Hakim Pasargad Kian Industrial and Commercial Group

Design and Management Contracting in agricultural projects

Design and Management Contracting in Animal husbandry projects

Design and Management Contracting in Greenhouse projects

• Identifying a need/context

The number of horses being kept in economically developed countries such as the United States, England, Germany, Italy, and France has increased in the last 50 years due to increases in the number of thoroughbreds used for horse racing, promenade saddling, equine tourism, horseback riding, equestrian plays, and horse competitions. In the United States, the equestrian industry in the year 2015 employed 4.6 million people [1].

Horses are typically bred for four industries: Commercial, productive (horse meat and milk), sports and leisure horse breeding, and pedigree (stud farm) horse breeding. Some researchers also designate some breeding as applied horse breeding, in which horses are bred for the production of raw materials for the pharmaceutical and processing industries, and some breeding as hippotherapy, in which horses are bred for use as a part of a post-discharge adjustment period for the treatment of complex neurological and mental diseases, especially in children [2,3].

The horse breeding industry is considered a lucrative and lucrative industry in many countries of the world. In these countries, the most economic and commercial goals of horse breeding are in the field of tourism. Today, horse breeding clubs are considered as an economic profession and one of the most popular industries in the world, and equestrianism is the only sport that creates a connection between two living beings[4].

While in Iran, due to its ancient history and unique breeds, it is not given enough attention, and also in Kordan province, which is known as one of the breeding centers of thoroughbred horses in Iran, there are fewer clubs that It is designed and built according to the necessary standards and specialties for horse breeding and to fill this profession professionally and scientifically. Therefore, the subject of this research is the design of an equestrian complex in Kordan in which the necessary spaces for theoretical and practical training Also, keeping horses in the complex and holding equestrian competitions is designed.

This process is not only an open ground and a suitable bed for the growth of this sport in the economic, scientific, cultural and sports dimensions, etc., but also brings human beings closer and reconciled with nature and also One of the most important goals of this project is the health of body and soul and having a vibrant society in an age that is rapidly moving towards mechanization[5].

Iran has many potentials to become a global tourism hub due to its many advantages in terms of climate diversity, natural attractions, ancient history and civilization, antiquities and religion, architecture, handicrafts – culture, geography. Another tourist attraction is sports tourism, which is not separate from nature. Man gets rid of fatigue by riding away from the worries of life.

• Aim

The main purpose of this research is to design and implement horse breeding in Kordan region. In this research, the necessary needs for horse breeding are evaluated from various aspects, including sports, economic, tourism and construction of horse breeding complex in Kordan region.

• Objectives :

The broad objectives of this study are detailed below.

• Designing, identifying and providing sustainable space for horse breeding in Kordan region
• Economic feasibility of horse breeding in Kordan region
• Feasibility study of sports and tourism for horse breeding in Kordan region
• Execution and construction of Kordan horse breeding project complex

• literature review

In this section, facial research in horse breeding is reviewed. In this field, horse breeding and design of horse breeding entertainment complex, a lot of research has been done, which can be referred to Esteghlal et al. [6], who designed a horse breeding project in Yazd. Fatemi and Hosseini studied the importance of designing a equestrian complex for breeding Iranian thoroughbred horses in Bafgh [7].

Huber et al estimate the prevalence of R. equi strains resistant to macrolides and rifampicin at horse breeding farms in Kentucky.  The results shows Seventy-six percent (76%) of farms yielded resistant R. equi, and resistance to macrolides and rifampicin was associated with their use at farms. The present study is the first to report the prevalence and distribution of resistant isolates in the environment of farms in Kentucky, USA.[8]

Flash  et al a solution of Adelheid stable situated in Vrchní Orlice, Czech Republic. Village Vrchní Orlice is situated in Bartošovice area in Orlic mountains. The aim of this work is to find a suitable architectural and urban design that would meet the requirements for horse breeding. The plot for the facility is located outside the inhabited area of the village but in a protected area of Orlické hory and the proposal must therefore respect rules and conditions set by this area[9]. Goofel et al. Bred horses in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The purpose of this study was to create rational parameters for the development of productive horse breeding as an effective agricultural business, in particular, in relation to farms. The results shows Successful implementation of these parameters will make it possible to turn agriculture into successful horse breeding businesses. The expected volume of agricultural production may be approximately 9-11 thousand US dollars per employee[10].

Frederik, et al  discussed Area and Resource Utilization of Group-Housed Horses in an Active Stable. This study examined how the horses of a large group move in an active stable and which areas or resources they use over a period of 7.5 months with the help of linear mixed models. Therefore, a grid with the size of 3 × ۳ m per square was applied. The horses used, on average, 53.2 ± ۱۹ different squares per hour. It was shown that observation day (p < 0.001) and covariate age (p < 0.001) had significant effects on squares visited per hour. Sex (p = ۰٫۳۰) and breed (p = ۰٫۶۵) had no significant effects. A large variation in the squares visited per hour was determined for the individual horses. Most frequently visited were the individual resources, such as the feed stalls or lying halls. An open tarp skin lying hall was preferred over a metal hall. The shelters were only partly popular. An overview of the usage frequency of the paddock could be created by using heatmaps. Overall, specific conclusions about the use of individual areas and potential for improvement could be pointed out[11].

• Methods

The research method in this research is based on the method of analysis and description, which has reviewed and described the existing research and studies in order to innovate information to create a suitable environment for horse breeding in Kurdistan. In this research, a step was taken towards an innovative design by examining the sustainability factors. Also in this research, the area of horse breeding farm, horse nutrition, construction of buildings and horse breeding facilities, placement in spaces, quality of materials, landscaping, size of spaces appropriate to the physical physique of the horse from various aspects including sports, economic And tourism in the Kurdish region is evaluated. After identifying the effective factors in the design and implementation of the horse breeding project, the horse breeding complex and the thoroughbred Iranian horse breeding will be constructed.

         

• Skills

The project will draw on the following areas covered by the PHD Programme:

• SketchUp and Autocad software
• Economic feasibility of architectural designers
• Modeling of horse breeding project collection

The project will develop general skills in the following areas:

• Organisation
• researcher skills
• Computer skill
• Critical thinking
• Time management

Resources

• Liberty information
• SketchUp and Autocad software
• Computer lab
• design

Time / Resources required:

	STAGE 1				STAGE 2
	WP1.1	WP1.2	WP1.3	WP1.4	WP2.1	WP2.2
Time (specify units)	Researching Literature	Review all literature	Economic feasibility, Feasibility study of tourism and Sports feasibility	Horse breeding project design	Construction of horse breeding complex	Write out the discussion and conclusion
,Resources required	internet, Library	Internet, library	SketchUp  and Autocad software -PC	SketchUp  and Autocad software software-PC	SketchUp  and Autocad software-PC	Word, PC
Time (month)	۰٫۵	۵	۱	۲	۱	۱

Refrence

1. Timoney P.J. Horse species symposium:Contagious equine metritis:An insidious threat to the horse breeding industry in the United States.  Anim. Sci. ۲۰۱۱;۸۹(۵):۱۵۵۲–۱۵۶۰ 
2. Barreto I.M.L, Rangel A.H.D, Urbano S.A, Bezerra J.D, Oliveira C.A.D. Equine milk and its potential use in the human diet. Food Sci. Technol. ۲۰۱۹;۳۹(۱):۱–۷٫  
3. Hou Q.C, Li C.K, Liu Y.H, Li W.C, Chen Y.F, Siqinbateer Y, Bao Y.S, Saqila W, Zhang H.P, Menghe B. Koumiss consumption modulates gut microbiota, increases plasma high density cholesterol, decreases immunoglobulin G and albumin.  Funct. Foods. ۲۰۱۹;۵۲(۱):۴۶۹–۴۷۸٫ 
4. Gabitov I, Mudarisov S, Gafurov I, Ableeva A, Negovora A, Davletshin M, Rakhimov Z, Kamaletdinov R, Martynov V, Iukhin G. Evaluation of the efficiency of mechanized technological processes of agricultural production.  Eng. Appl. Sci. ۲۰۱۸;۱۳(۱۰SI):8338–۸۳۴۵ 
5. Cardinali I, Lancioni H, Giontella A, Capodiferro M.R, Capomaccio S, Buttazzoni L, Biggio G.P, Cherchi R, Albertini E, Olivieri A, Cappelli K, Achilli A, Silvestrelli M. An overview of ten Italian horse breeds through mitochondrial DNA. PloS One. ۲۰۱۶;۱۱(۴):۱۵۳۰۰۴٫ 

6. Esteghlal, Ahmad and Mehrkish, Shokoofeh, 1397, Design of Horse Breeding Club in Yazd, the Second International Conference on Strategic Ideas in Architecture, Urban Planning, Geography and Sustainable Environment, Mashhad, 

7. Fotouhi Bafghi, Fatemeh and Mahdavipour Shahrbabak, Hossein, 1397, Study and importance of designing equestrian complex and breeding of Iranian thoroughbred horses in Bafgh 1, 3rd International Conference on Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, Tabriz, https://civilica.com/doc/ 806069
8. Huber, Laura, et al. “Prevalence and risk factors associated with emergence of Rhodococcus equi resistance to macrolides and rifampicin in horse-breeding farms in Kentucky, USA.” Veterinary microbiology235 (2019): 243-247.
9. Flash, Meredith L., et al. “Barriers to entering race training before 4 years of age for Thoroughbred horses born in the 2014 Australian foal crop.” PloS one8 (2020): e0237003.
10. Askarov, Almir, et al. “Cost-effective horse breeding in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia.” Veterinary World10 (2020): 2039.
11. Hildebrandt, Frederik, et al. “Area and Resource Utilization of Group-Housed Horses in an Active Stable.” Animals10 (2021): 2777.